Wednesday, November 27, 2024

A Changing World

 I often look to history for guidance in solving modern problems, wisdom ranging from Abraham Lincoln to Edward R. Murrow to Socrates and many more.  My research has now taken me to Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist born 1858, died 1917, who is known as a principal architect of modern social science.  His work involved how societies can maintain their integrity in times in which societies lack agreement on so many norms of behavior, in other words, when they disagree on so many different things that reaching agreement of guidelines for behavior breaks down.

I was a post WW II baby, and between 1945 when the war ended and 2000 when we entered a new century, so many things had changed.  Many of my blogs have included the changes in traditions, in how we dress, in professions now open to women, in communication, in medicine, in population growth and many ethnicities, in religions, in moral changes.  In a survey taken between 2007 and 2014, within persons of faith, 70.6% were Christian, but there were more than 9 different denominations.  Among non-Christian faiths there were more than ten different faiths, and nearly 23% of those surveyed were nonbelievers or "nothing in particular."  

I blogged about the initial purpose of public-school educations, so that all children could benefit from the same education, but today we have public schools, private schools, home schools, and with the Supreme Court ruling of 2022, expanded voucher programs now allow parents to apply government funds to  religious and other private schools, so long as funds are not used for religious education. 

 Americans get their news from the Evening News, the all-day television commentators, from tik-tok, the internet, and countless other sources.  The internet, with all of the value it provides, also provides the wide dispersal of disinformation and falsehoods.  

Emile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim's research sought to answer "how is a society created" and "what holds a society together."  He concluded that the norms, beliefs, and values that are common to the average members of society form "Collective consciousness" essential to the survival of society.

He believed that as people interact with one another they form common opinions and norms.  Without those interactions gradually shaping common norms, the beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of society break down.  When the public and private rituals of society are broken, moral solidarity decreases. 

In August of 2021, a Gallup article by Frank Newport expanded on the work of Durkheim.  Citing the numerous social changes regarding moral and other value decisions, allowing individual choices has become acceptable.  Gallup research has found that the result is the "diminishing of confidence in the church and organized religion, the Supreme Court, Congress, public schools, the news media, and the presidency."  

Author Newport concluded his article with these words:  "But as research shows that Americans show a lessening need to adhere to traditional norms and exhibit increasingly negative perceptions of institutions, structures and systems, it's important to keep the focus on just how the public would like to see things change.  This remains a major challenge for the years ahead.  Important though it is to criticize the systems and structures of our society, it is equally important to recognize that we need acceptable systems and structures that will work well in their stead."

In the months since that article was written, the words seem even more important.  I have written about many of these issues separately, but considered together the importance of our response seems even more complex and essential.

Wednesday, November 20, 2024

Rest in Peace

I understand this cemetery is better maintained now.
Some time ago I wrote a post about neglected cemeteries and the terrible disrespect shown to some cemeteries by kids with too much to drink or  who thought tipping grave stones was fun.  I believe this once neglected cemetery is now being better cared for, and I have not heard any recent reports of intentional tipping, so that is good news.

However, in my continuing history research I found a very sad story that happened a century ago.  In the early 1900s, San Francisco had begun to run out of space, so they banned any further burials, but in 1912 they decided to evict existing cemeteries, the  Presidio Cemetery being the only exception.  If families of the deceased were located, they could pay $10 to have their loved one moved.  If families could not be located, or could not afford the fee, bodies were reinterred in mass graves.  Old headstones were either destroyed or recycled for other projects.  The warning of the removals was published in the San Francisco Chronicle on March 28, 1900.  

On December 17, 1913, the San Francisco Journal & Daily Journal of Commerce published the following:  All cemeteries situated within the above-described limits are hereby declared to be a public nuisance and a menace and detriment to the public health and welfare, and it is hereby ordered that all of said cemeteries be abolished .... or otherwise properly disposed of in accordance with law.

So, why am I sharing such a tragic story?  Because, recently Forbes Business published this headline:  "Urban Cemeteries Running Out Of Space As Baby Boomers Enter Twilight Years."  As an example, Brooklyn's historic Greenwood Cemetery is struggling to find spaces, along with many other urban cemeteries in our biggest cities.  America is not running out of land, but many urban cities are.  Being buried near where you live or where family would prefer to bury you nearby may present problems.  

As urban cemeteries fill, the land around them is becoming more expensive as well.  As the population grows, more land is needed for family homes.  It is estimated that between 2024 and 2042, 76 million Americans will reach the life expectancy age of 78 during that time.  If standard lots were continued for burials, that would require 130 square miles. 

The National Funeral Directors Association reports that cremation has reached a high of 50% of all funerals.  They estimate that by 2035 nearly 80% will be cremations.

I was surprised by those statistics, and I thought perhaps others would be as well.  We have many lovely cemeteries in our communities, as well as some lovely country cemeteries where families are still choosing to be buried.  It was finding the story about the sad decision in San Francisco that led me to research current cemeteries.  While it may not be of immediate concern in our location, it is something to consider so that the dreadful decision San Francisco made is never repeated!     

 

   
 

Wednesday, November 13, 2024

Guiding Kids to Discover Reading

 

One bookcase of many in our home.

"Hey, kids! It's your old buddy Steve King telling you that if they ban a book in your school library, ...(go) to the nearest bookstore or library ASAP and find out what they don't want you to read..." I had to laugh when I read that quote, which I am sure King meant with humor and a little annoyance about the extreme book banning we have seen of even classic literature.  In my childhood, I was left on my own to select books, and I missed so many wonderful classics, but on the other hand, I became a serious reader for life, and perhaps that was the most important thing.  However, that is where a Librarian could have been helpful.  As an adult, I have enjoyed reading classic Children's books belatedly.

Among some of my favorite children's books that have been banned are Charlotte's Web, The Giving Tree, and Where the Wild Things are.  Apparently, some of the book banners find talking animals inappropriate.  That thinking could eliminate so many wonderful books, if children were kept from reading them.  What about dolls?  Don't most children talk to their dolls?  What about pets?  Don't children talk to pets?  A healthy imagination is important for children, and although I tend to think classic children's books are better written than many modern books, I am grateful for librarians who continue to challenge ridiculous banning.   

 I have returned to continue this blog about encouraging kids to read because a friend posted a comment to last week's blog that I just had to share. I "met" this friend because a mutual friend of mine told him about my efforts to write "Prairie Bachelor."  We began to correspond, although he lived on the other side of the world, and the correspondence has continued.  The following is his response to last week's blog.  

"My Mother was so glad when I started school and learned to read because I shut up asking questions. We always had a good cross section of newspapers and Magazines in our home. Black Beauty was my first real book. When (his) kids were young we had all the Dr. Seuss books and all the Bernstein Bears which we read over and over ad nauseum. We had dozens of Little Golden Books. As they grew older, they started their own book shelves...Anne of Green Gables series, The Little House on the Prairie series, The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe series, Robin Hood, Treasure Island, etc. The youngest is a Librarian in London, U.K., second oldest is a Professor of Victorian Literature, son has read every serious novel he can lay his hands on, the oldest reads adult paperbacks." 

Thank you my long-distance friend for sharing your family's love of reading. Although you did not mention it, I am certain that seeing their father reading had an important impact on their love for reading. 

 What his reply to last week's post reminded me was the presence of magazines and newspapers in my childhood home. My mother did belong to a book club for a while, where she received a new novel every 3 months, but it was really the newspapers and magazines that I saw my parents reading most of the time. It had not occurred to me how important that must have been to me. Although I did not see them reading books as often, I certainly saw them reading the many magazine subscriptions that came in the mail. Today, children have less opportunity to see their parents reading, so many small-town newspapers having disappeared in many communities, although we still have our local weekly paper. Magazines are begging for subscribers. With kids today having less likely opportunity to see their parents reading, it is all the more important to read to them from early childhood until they can read for themselves.  

Wednesday, November 6, 2024

What Happened?


 Do you remember these Library Cards?  I often buy old books, and this particular former library book looked like new.  When I opened it I understood why.  Apparently, it had never been checked out.  How sad.  The book was published by the Kansas State Historical Society, and Miss Louise Barry's thick book of a decade of research, with the author's goal to document a record of known activity in the pre-Kansas region from the appearance of the first Europeans in the mid-1500s to 1854, is not for everyone.  

It includes the early history of the displacement of  Indigenous  people, and of the surveyors running lines to determine reservation boundaries for of promises such as the following example in 1828; It guaranteed eleven millions of acres of land and a perpetual outlet to the west, a permanent home...which shall, under the most solemn guarantee of the United States, be and remain theirs forever--a home that shall never, in all future time, be embarrassed by having extended around it the line, or placed over it the jurisdiction of a territory or state, nor be pressed upon by the extension, in any way, of any of the limits of any existing territory or state...

 Of course, we now know that the promise, with all of its grand words, did not last.  The book is a valuable record, but not intended for most readers.  I do hope it can still be found in libraries for scholarly researchers, and I will try to get my copy to such a place.  

However, my blog was inspired by reading about a college student seeking help from a college counselor.  She had been a good student in high school, but she was struggling with the reading assignments she was being given in college.  The counselor asked whether there had been reading assignments given to her in high school, and she acknowledged that there had been.  However, she said that her high school assignments had only been a few pages.  She was overwhelmed by being asked to read an entire book.  That was just too much for her! 

I assume it was a novel or a biography that she was assigned to read over a period of a few days.  How sad it is that she had never been guided into the pleasure of vicariously traveling to a new place and immersing herself into the life of a fictional person or reading the Diary of Anne Frank to better understand war and hate, or reading about an actress or an athlete or a scientist that encouraged her to pursue a dream of her own.  

The joy of reading is best acquired by being read to by parents and seeing them read books of their own.  Children learn by watching, and if they see parents and older siblings reading, it is more likely that they will want to learn to read too.  Reading not only shares stories, it introduces children to the lives of children who are different, it allows them to travel to faraway places, it allows then to experience sad events so that if sadness really comes into their lives they can better understand how to face it.  Studies also show that meeting all kinds of people in books makes children   more empathetic.  

How sad that the college girl that sought help from the counselor had not been exposed to books from childhood.  Having scary fairy tales read to a child sitting safely in a parent's lap is the best way to confront evil witches for the first time.  Feeling sad for Black Beauty with its eventual reunion is a gentler way to prepare for the inevitable death of a pet.  Children who read, whether fiction or biography, benefit from experiencing what it was like to live in the 1800s, or in a different country, or to be of a different ethnicity, or even to experiencing the death of a fictional friend.  Learning these things vicariously, they are better prepared for actual events in their lives.  Think of all the things that coed had missed by restricting her experiences to her own immediate life or perhaps the few pages of her prior limited reading assignments.  How much empathy for those different from herself can she feel, if she had never cried while reading a book about someone different?  How can she ever learn from history if she only reads text books, which is much different from reading historic fiction and becoming fictional friends with a Jewish girl in Germany at the start of W.W. II, if she overlooked reading the Diary of Anne Frank?

To Librarians making room on the shelves for new books, why not guide young readers to classic books that their parents and grandparents read and loved years ago.  And parents, please read to your children, even when you may think they are too young to understand.  Read fairy tales, and buy them books of their own.  

I have been in waiting rooms and have seen parents give their small children their phones to play with.  I would much rather plant the seed for reading in a child's hands than the seed for living online.    Help them fall in love with reading when it still seems exciting to master that skill.

I don't expect many people to go in search of the book I introduced at the beginning of this blog, but I do hope I can plant a seed or two that encourages a few to read to babies very early, to buy them books of their own, to let them see you reading while they are young enough to emulate you.  And, get them a library card of their own early!  Our community has so many wonderful Libraries! 

A  P.S. to Librarians:  Please keep children's classics on the shelves.  Classics do not grow old.  The Illustrators from the 1980s and 1990s and a few more years are fantastic.  Please keep them on the shelves where kids (and parents) can find them.